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Beware: Left-wing conspiracy

Saturday, November 21st, 2009

Beware! According to Nick Minchin, the leader of the liberals in the Senate, all the fuzz about global warming really is nothing but a left-wing conspiracy. Lefties who lost their cherished Communist cause now need a new one, and they found it: global warming.

I am deeply grateful to Nick for this insight. I now know where I stand.

I am always amazed how cocksure global warming skeptics are about their cause: no doubt whatsoever! I wished they were right and I could stop worrying about the Great Barrier Reef, the possible huge population movements, etc. Their seems to be something in the human mind that prevents rational reactions to events for which evolution has not pre-programmed them. Not really surprising if you think of it.

Another point of evidence for evolution by natural selection?

Learn a second language: but make it interesting; Heinrich Heine

Wednesday, September 16th, 2009

The continuing reduction in the number of people learning a second language is a disaster. Here I recommend some quotations from Heinrich Heine, the supreme wit in the German language, as an introduction to learning German. Get a dictionary and try to translate at least some of the quotes. You will enjoy every minute of it. No prior knowledge of the language is necessary. I provide translations of some of the quotes.

Quotes are from:

http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/index.php?id=5&xid=5278&kapitel=1&cHash=69614a6c0e#gb_found

Gedanken und Einfälle

I. Persönliches

“Mein Geist fühlt sich in Frankreich exiliert, in eine fremde Sprache verbannt.” (My spirit feels to be in exile in France, condemned to a foreign language)

II. Religion und Philosophie

“Unterschied des Heidentums (der Inder, Perser) vom Judentum: Sie haben alle ein unendliches, ewiges Urwesen, aber dieses ist bei jenen in der Welt, mit welcher es identisch, und es entfaltet sich mit dieser aus dem Gesetze der Notwendigkeit – der Gott der Juden ist außer der Welt und erschafft sie durch einen Akt des freien Willens.”

“Judentum – Aristokratie: Ein Gott hat die Welt erschaffen und regiert sie; alle Menschen sind seine Kinder, aber die Juden sind seine Lieblinge und ihr Land ist sein auserwähltes Dominium. Er ist ein Monarch, die Juden sind der Adel, und Palästina ist das Exarchat Gottes.
Christentum – Demokratie: Ein Gott, der alles erschaffen und regiert, aber alle Menschen gleich liebt und alle Reiche gleich beschützt. Er ist kein Nationalgott mehr, sondern ein universeller.”

“Die, welche den Kelch der Freuden hienieden getrunken, bekommen dort oben den Katzenjammer”

“Die Germanen ergriffen das Christentum aus Wahlverwandtschaft mit dem jüdischen Moralprinzip, überhaupt dem Judaismus. Die Juden waren die Deutschen des Orients, und jetzt sind die Protestanten in den germanischen Ländern (in Schottland, Amerika, Deutschland, Holland) nichts anderes als altorientalische Juden.”

“Die jüdische Geschichte ist schön; aber die jungen Juden schaden den alten, die man weit über die Griechen und Römer setzen würde. Ich glaube: gäbe es keine Juden mehr und man wüßte, es befände sich irgendwo ein Exemplar von diesem Volk, man würde hundert Stunden reisen, um es zu sehen und ihm die Hände zu drücken – und jetzt weicht man uns aus!”

III. Kunst und Literatur.

“Ein Buch will seine Zeit wie ein Kind. Alle schnell in wenigen Wochen geschriebenen Bücher erregen bei mir ein gewisses Vorurteil gegen den Verfasser. Eine honette Frau bringt ihr Kind nicht vor dem neunten Monat zur Welt.”

“In der Kunst ist die Form alles, der Stoff gilt nichts. Staub berechnet für den Frack, den er ohne Tuch geliefert, denselben Preis, als wenn ihm das Tuch geliefert worden. Er lasse sich nur die Form bezahlen und den Stoff schenke er.”

“Das Genie trägt im Geiste ein Abbild der Natur, und durch diese erinnert, gebiert es dies Abbild; das Talent bildet die Natur nach und schafft analytisch, was das Genie synthetisch schafft. Es gibt aber auch Charaktere, welche zwischen beiden schweben”.

“Die Daguerreotypie ist ein Zeugnis gegen die irrige Ansicht, daß die Kunst eine Nachahmung der Natur sei – die Natur hat selbst den Beweis geliefert, wie wenig sie von der Kunst versteht, wie kläglich es ausfällt, wenn sie sich mit Kunst abgibt.”

“Den Dichtern wird es noch schwerer, zwei Sprachen zu reden – ach! die meisten können kaum eine Sprache reden.

“Clauren ist jetzt in Deutschland so berühmt, daß man in keinem Bordell eingelassen wird, wenn man ihn nicht gelesen hat.” (Clauren is now so famous that you are not let into a brothel if you have not read him) Note: Clauren was (and probably is) a widely read writer of soft (or almost?) pornographic novels, who lived in the nineteenth century.

“Die höchsten Blüten des deutschen Geistes sind die Philosophie und das Lied”.

IV. Individualität. Staat und Gesellschaft.

“Demagogie, die heilige Allianz der Völker.”

“Lafayette
Die Welt wundert sich, daß einmal ein ehrlicher Mann gelebt – die Stelle bleibt vacant” (Lafayette. The world is surprised that there was an honest man - the position remains vacant)

“Die Deutschen werden nicht besser im Ausland, wie das exportierte Bier.” (The Germans don’t improve abroad, like exported beer)

V. Frauen, Liebe und Ehe

“Daß der Gatte Xanthippe’s ein so großer Philosoph geworden, ist merkwürdig. Während allem Gezänk noch denken! Aber schreiben konnte er nicht, das war unmöglich: Sokrates hat kein einziges Buch hinterlassen.”

“Die deutschen Frauen sind gefährlich wegen ihrer Tagebücher, die der Mann finden kann.” (German wives are dangerous because of their diaries, which can be found by their husband)

VI. Vermischte Einfälle.

“Weise erdenken die neuen Gedanken, und Narren verbreiten sie”.
(Wise man think new thoughts, and fools spread them)

“De mortuis nil nisi bene – man soll von den Lebenden nur Böses reden.” (De mortuis nil nisi bene - one shall talk only evil about the living)

VII. Bilder und Farbenstriche.

“Der Engländer, der mit seiner Miß immer an den Badestrand geht, damit der Anblick der nackten Männer sie gegen Sinnlichkeit abstumpfe.” (The Englishman who always goes to the beach with his Miss to dull her senses against sensuality by having to look at the nude men)

Knols on science, economics, philosophy and art

Tuesday, August 4th, 2009

Links to my knols on parasitology, ecology, zoogeography, economics, philosophy and art can be found here:

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/klaus-rohde-knols-english/xk923bc3gp4/69#

The list is continuously updated. Knols can be used as supplementary material for lectures.

Back to Spinoza?

Saturday, March 7th, 2009

Here are the Conclusions to my latest knol on Richard Dawkins: the God Delusion, as well as the replies by Terry Eagleton and Richard Schröder. Comments on the knol are very welcome.

Link to knol here:

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/richard-dawkins-the-god-delusion-terry/xk923bc3gp4/60#edit

Conclusion

My conclusion is that Dawkins has underestimated the positive contributions of religions to human culture, in the arts, philosophy, literature, music and architecture. Religions may well have the function to bring about social coherence (as stated by Dawkins himself), and what would take over if religions should be abolished? Dawkins’ emphasis on religion might even be dangerous, if it deflects attention from other important issues. Would it be perhaps more useful to concentrate on social and economic inequalities and try to suggest recipes for their amelioration? - He considers the concept of God a scientific hypothesis that can be tested by scientific means. But, as pointed out by theological critics, God is more than that: a source of love. - From a scientific point of view, I believe that the role of natural selection, the very basis of Darwin’s interpretation of evolution, is not as important as he claims it is. According to Kauffman [2], many traits of organisms have evolved not because of natural selection but in spite of it. Stephen Wolfram’s [3] extensive computer simulations of many systems have shown that simple “rules” in programs lead to complex characters. In other words, it may not be necessary to assume lengthy processes of selection leading from simple to complex characters. These findings suggest that evolutionary patterns may fit into certain “molds”, i.e., that outcomes of evolution are to a certain degree predetermined by the laws of nature (see discussion in [9][10][11][12]), which opens the way to a Spinozistic interpretation of nature, in which a primary cause (which everybody is welcome to name God) is at the base of and determines all the rest. Of course, this does not imply the existence of a personal God who takes responsibility and care of us.

Ökologie/Zoogeographie, Parasitologie, Ökonomie, Politik, Philosophie Knols

Sunday, January 25th, 2009

(more…)

Ecology/Zoogeography, Economics, Parasitology and Philosophy Knols

Sunday, January 25th, 2009

Over the last several weeks I wrote a number of knols on ecology/zoogeography, ecology/economics, ecology/politics, parasitology, and philosophy, meant mainly for students and interested lay people. Some are in German, some in English. The English ones are listed below with links. Note that you can comment on the knols. Any suggestions for improvements are welcome.

Ecology/Zoogeography

The Latitude Niche Width Hypothesis

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/latitude-niche-width-hypothesis/xk923bc3gp4/48#

How Many Species on Earth?

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/how-many-species-on-earth/xk923bc3gp4/43#

Competitive Exclusion (Gause’s Principle)

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/competitive-exclusion-gauses-principle/xk923bc3gp4/41#view

Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS’s)

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/evolutionarily-stable-strategies-and/xk923bc3gp4/50#view

The Paradox of the Plankton

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/the-paradox-of-the-plankton/xk923bc3gp4/40#

Niche Restriction and Segregation

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/niche-restriction-and-segregation/xk923bc3gp4/12#

Vacant Niches

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/vacant-niches-in-ecology/xk923bc3gp4/8#

Effective Evolutionary Time
http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/effective-evolutionary-time/xk923bc3gp4/11#

Rapoport’s Rule

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/rapoports-rule/xk923bc3gp4/6#

Thorson’s Rule

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/thorsons-rule/xk923bc3gp4/5#

Parasitology

The Aspidogastrea, Morphology and Life Cycles

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/the-aspidogastrea-a-parasitological/xk923bc3gp4/13#

The Aspidogastrea, Sacculinisation

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/the-aspidogastrea-a-parasitological/xk923bc3gp4/15

The Aspidogastrea, Ecology

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/the-aspidogastrea-a-parasitological/xk923bc3gp4/16

The Amphilinidea
http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/the-amphilinidea-a-small-group-of/xk923bc3gp4/21#

Politics

Games Theory (Nash Equilibria) in Politics

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/games-theory-nash-equilibria-in/xk923bc3gp4/29#

Ecology/Economics

A Limit to Globalization

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/a-limit-to-globalization-fuzzy-chaos/xk923bc3gp4/28

Free Markets, Free Trade, Ecology

http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/free-markets-and-free-trade-ecology-and/xk923bc3gp4/25#

Philosophy

Schopenhauer’s Philosophy
http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/a-crash-course-on-schopenhauers/xk923bc3gp4/45#view

Rod Blagojevich, Bernard Madoff, Dreier L.L.P and Iraq

Monday, December 15th, 2008

I have been busy with scientific work over the last week or so, but yesterday I looked at some news items and came across these:

Rod Blagojevich, the governor of Illinois, indicted for trying to sell Obama’s Senate seat for personal gain, Bernard Madoff, the US financial guru and former Nasdaq chairman, released on bail after having been arrested earlier for decades-long fraud leading to the disappearance of nobody knows how much but estimated at around US$50 billion, US$120 billion spent for reconstruction  in Iraq without much success, and - such a small item that it is hardly worth mentioning - fraudulent loss of at least US$35 million by Dreier L.L.P.

In this context, the following excerpts from the autobiography of Alan Greenspan, the former Chairman of the Federal Reserve: “The Age of Turbulence” 2007, page 431, may be of interest. He writes: “Indeed, very few regulators of my acquaintance can give me examples of fraud and embezzlement unearthed by anyone other than a whistleblower.” …… “But in truth, there is no way for an audit committee, new or old, to uncover wrongdoing short of deploying a vast army of investigators who would smother the firm with costly oversight that would likely stifle corporate risk taking and ultimately threaten the viability of the company.”

So, risk taking should not be stifled! We are just experiencing the consequences of excessive risk taking. I wonder whether Greenspan would have written this now, after the big crash has occurred and is occurring.

I recommend to read  E.F. Schumacher’s (1973) classic : “Small is Beautiful. A Study of Economics as if People Mattered”. He traces many of our present problems (in 1973 bad enough, but much worse now, because nobody listened) to our “materialistic” philosophy of life, leading to an over-emphasis on large size and simply greed. Among other things, he suggests that personal ownership of means of production is really justified only if the owner actively participates in the production process, and should be restricted to relatively small enterprises (a few 100 people).

If you want evidence for greed and the disastrous effects, consider the present financial crisis with millions losing their jobs, and look at the  smallest fish of the few examples mentioned above, Dreier:

according to the N. Y. Times 14.12.08: “Their health insurance is in default and the firm will not be able to make its $2.6 million payroll on Monday, lawyers there say.” However, “Mr. Dreier’s lifestyle includes a waterfront home in the Hamptons, a Manhattan triplex and a place on Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica, Calif. He kept a Mercedes 500 in New York, an Aston Martin in California, and a 121-foot blue and white Heesen motor yacht with a Jacuzzi and a crew of 10 docked in Manhattan or St. Maarten. Associates said the boat, the Seascape, was the site of late-night parties at which Mr. Dreier, who is divorced, was often joined by an attractive young crowd.The law offices themselves at 499 Park Avenue were like modern art galleries. In court papers filed this week, the comptroller for the law firm reported that $30 million to $40 million of the firm’s assets had been spent on art. Among Mr. Dreier’s holdings were works by Picasso and a Warhol depiction of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.”"

Deutsche Weisheit, Deutsche Dummheit VI. Deutsche Weisheit: Deserteure sind keine Verbrecher

Wednesday, December 3rd, 2008

Hier sind Auszüge (Übersetzung) aus der International Herald Tribune vom 25.1.08.

(http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/25/europe/belgium.php)

“YPRES, Belgien.Denkmäler für die Gefallenen des Krieges sind wie Pilze aus der Erde geschossen, aber es hat fast 85 Jahre gedauert, bis ein Denkmal für eine andere Gruppe der Toten errichtet wurde: Soldaten, die von ihrer eigenen Seite hingerichtet wurden, weil sie sich geweigert hatten, weiterzukämpfen.

“Kommandeure begannen, Deserteure und meuternde Truppen an Pfähle zu fesseln, wo sie durch Exekutionskommandos erschossen wurden. Die Briten erschossen 320, und die Franzosen so viele wie 700. Die Deutschen, im allgemeinen, erschossen keine Deserteure.”

“Abgesehen von der Ungerechtigkeit, die meisten wurden erschossen, um ein Beispiel zu konstatieren.¦.. Es war eine Art der geistigen Nötigung”

Den Erschossenen wurde von Präsident Sarkozi keine posthume Amnestie gewährt.

Deutsche Weisheit, Deutsche Dummheit hier:

http://blog.une.edu.au/klausrohde/2008/04/16/deutsche-weisheit-deutsche-dummheit-v-gefahr-von-rechts/

Albert Einstein: I Believe

Wednesday, November 12th, 2008

I read again in a book published almost 70 years ago (”I Believe. Nineteen Personal Philosophies”, Unwin Press, London 1940). It contains, among others, a brief (five page) contribution by Albert Einstein. It is worth quoting from it:

“I do not believe we can have any freedom at all in the philosophical sense, for we act not only under external compulsion but also by inner necessity. Schopenhauer’s saying - “A man can surely do what he wills to do, but he cannot determine what he wills” - impressed itself upon me in youth and has always consoled me when I have witnessed or suffered life’s hardships. This conviction is a perpetual breeder of tolerance, for it does not allow us to take ourselves or others too seriously; it makes rather for a sense of humour.

To ponder interminably over the reason for one’s own existence or the meaning of life in general seems to me, from an objective point of view, to be sheer folly. And yet everyone holds certain ideals by which he guides his aspiration and his judgment. The ideals which have always shone before me and filled me with the joy of living are goodness, beauty, and truth. To make a goal of comfort or happiness has never appealed to me; a system of ethics built on this basis would be sufficient only for a herd of cattle.”

………..

“This subject brings me to that vilest offspring of the herd mind - the odious militia. The man who enjoys marching in line and file to the strains of music falls below my contempt; he received his great brain by mistake - the spinal cord would have been amply sufficient. ……. War is low and despicable, and I rather be smitten to shreds than participate in such doings.

Such  a stain on humanity should be erased without delay. I think well enough of human nature to believe that it would have been wiped out long ago had not the common sense of nations been systematically corrupted through school and press for business and political reasons.”

Debunking Economics: Steve Keen

Thursday, October 9th, 2008

I  watched the ABC’s 7.30 Report yesterday (8.10.08), in which Steve Keen, Professor of economics at the University of Western Sydney, was interviewed about his views on the present global financial crisis. This reminded me of a book I read about four years ago by Steve Keen: Debunking Economics. The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences. Pluto Press 2001. I read it very carefully from beginning to end, making numerous annotations, but had forgotten most of it.
I recommend the book strongly to anybody who is interested in economics, but particularly to those who believe that they have all the answers about the economy, without being blessed with the necessary background knowledge.

Steve Keen wrote the book to correct the misleading teaching of economics at universities. According to him (p.5), many students do only introductory courses in economics and then take their wisdom into their careers as managers, politicians etc. “They might learn, for example. that ‘externalities’ reduce the efficiency of the market mechanism. However, they will not learn that the ‘proof’ that markets are efficient is itself flawed. One needs an understanding of quite difficult areas of mathematics to realize the intellectual weaknesses of economics. ” However, Keen does not target economics in general, but the mainstream ‘neoclassical economics’.

A few quotes from the book:

p.2: “Economists blame these crises on particular economic policy failings by the relevant governments… Yet many non-economists harbour the suspicion that perhaps these crises were in some sense caused by following the advice of economists” This perspective was recently supported by none other than Joseph Stiglitz, a renowned economist, Chief Economist and Vice-President of the World Bank (he gives the examples of the collapse of the Russian economy after rapid privatization, and the Asian crisis, where the IMF’s enforcement of austerity seriously worsened a crisis which had been initiated by the international capital markets).

p.4: “Virtually every aspect of conventional economic theory is intellectually unsound; virtually every economic policy recommendation is just as likely to do general harm as it is to lead to the general good”.

p.7:”though weather forecasts are sometimes incorrect, overall meteorologists have an enviable record of accurate prediction” whereas the economic record is tragically bad.

p.8:”the intellectual discipline of economics shows no tendency to reform itself.”

p.11: the book’s message, that the economic mantra (”individuals should pursue their own interests and leave society’s overall interests to the market”) is wrong, is not new. Many books have made the same point in the past. What is new about this book is that it makes that point using economic theory itself.

Keen ‘debunks’ almost every assumption of neoclassical economics, including equilibrium assumptions. For each argument, he goes back to the basics, such as Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, which really is at the basis of neoclassical economics with its claim that human behaviour is the product of innate drives to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

Of particular interest in the context of the present financial crisis is his detailed discussion of causes of crashes, e.g., those responsible for the Great Depression (the economic guru of the time, Irving Fisher, was dead sure that stock markets had permanently stabilized just weeks before the crash, an assumption based on his equilibrium theory, later distilled into the efficient markets hypothesis. He personally lost $100 million in the crash. He changed his ideas incorporating nonequilibrium assumptions. When the crash was over, people happily returned to his efficient market hypothesis, although it had been proven wrong).

I leave it at that and, again, recommend the book.

See also: http://knol.google.com/k/klaus-rohde/free-markets-and-free-trade-ecology-and/xk923bc3gp4/25#